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Understanding Component Structures to Support Quality Primary Health Care Using Factor Analysis in O. R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa

Received: 23 May 2021     Accepted: 4 June 2021     Published: 4 August 2021
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Abstract

This publication intends to provide a step-by-step description of the application of factor analysis performed at the two levels and interpretation of the results based on information seeking behaviour of medical professionals of five selected hospitals in O. R. Tambo District municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data for analysis was collected on different variables using a closed-ended likert scale questionnaire. This study was a cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational survey conducted between January and April 2017, in the Mthatha Hospital Complex, O. R. Tambo District Municipality. The clustering of indicators for extraction of factors was well-defined owing to high loadings across all questions. The analysis was executed on a split data approach. The data were split by gender. The analysis was performed on the separate derived data sets. Descriptive analyses, correlations and component factor analyses were performed. The data consisted of 96.3% South African participants and 3.7% Non-South African. In addition, the sample was composed of 17.5% Males and 82.5% females; 13.8% medical doctors and 86.2% professional nurses. The percentage age distribution was: <=30.00 (21.9%), 31.00 - 37.00 (20.5%), 38.00 - 44.00 (18.5%), 45.00 - 54.00 (19.2%) and 55.00+ (19.9%). The percentage hospital participation distribution was: Holly Cross Hospital (13.9%), Dr Malizo Mpehle Hospital (28.5%), St Barnabas Hospital (21.8%), Zithulele Hospital (18.8%) and St Elizabeth Hospital (17.0%). Use of materials sources available within the hospital as sources of information; Improvement of patient care through collaborative consultations. Use of information acquired through workshops, seminars and journals to improve the participants’ knowledge; Use of internet and hospital facilities as sources of information; Use of reference materials and the medical need dictates the source of information required; Causes of limited availability sources of information; Use of printed material and colleagues to access information. Under the females’ data, the following factors were extracted: Using both external as well as internal sources to solicit information; Lack of: a physical library, limited online access, slow internet and poor online searching skills contribute to non-availability of important medical information; Lack of awareness of sources of information, time taken to access information, non-existent of sources of information; The factor analysis has shown that whereas there were more females than males according to the split data, more factors were established for males than were for females.

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11
Page(s) 67-80
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Health, Information, Systems

References
[1] Almunawar MN, Anshari M (2012) Health Information Systems (HIS): Concept and Technology.
[2] Higgins C, Jesse C, Deborah P, Rober M, Janice G, Meyers D (2015) Using Health Information Technology to Support Quality Improvement in Primary Care | PCMH Resource Center. https://pcmh.ahrq.gov/page/using-health-information-technology-support-quality-improvement-primary-care. Accessed 3 Jun 2021.
[3] Khalifa M, Alswailem O (2015) Hospital information systems (HIS) acceptance and satisfaction: a case study of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Procedia Computer Science 63: 198–204.
[4] Ek S (2015) Gender differences in health information behaviour: a Finnish population-based survey. Health Promot Int 30: 736–745.
[5] Tong V, Raynor DK, Aslani P (2014) Gender differences in health and medicine information seeking behaviour: a review.
[6] Jiménez-Pernett J, Olry de Labry-Lima A, García-Gutiérrez JF, Salcedo-Sánchez M del C, Bermúdez-Tamayo C (2010) Sex differences in the use of the Internet as a source of health information among adolescents. Telemed J E Health 16: 145–153.
[7] Finney Rutten LJ, Blake KD, Greenberg-Worisek AJ, Allen SV, Moser RP, Hesse BW (2019) Online Health Information Seeking Among US Adults: Measuring Progress Toward a Healthy People 2020 Objective. Public Health Rep 134: 617–625.
[8] Garrido T, Raymond B, Jamieson L, Liang L, Wiesenthal A (2004) Making the business case for hospital information systems--a Kaiser Permanente investment decision. J Health Care Finance 31: 16–25.
[9] Wienert J (2019) Understanding Health Information Technologies as Complex Interventions with the Need for Thorough Implementation and Monitoring to Sustain Patient Safety. Front ICT. https://doi.org/10.3389/fict.2019.00009.
[10] Chen C-J, Kendall J, Shyu Y-IL (2010) Grabbing the rice straw: health information seeking in Chinese immigrants in the United States. Clin Nurs Res 19: 335–353.
[11] Feldman SS, Buchalter S, Hayes LW (2018) Health Information Technology in Healthcare Quality and Patient Safety: Literature Review. JMIR Med Inform. https://doi.org/10.2196/10264.
[12] Haux R, Ammenwerth E, Herzog W, Knaup P (2002) Health care in the information society. A prognosis for the year 2013. Int J Med Inform 66: 3–21.
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  • APA Style

    Nombulelo Chitha, Wezile Chita, John Sungwacha Nasila, Zukiswa Jafta, Buyiswa Swartbooi, et al. (2021). Understanding Component Structures to Support Quality Primary Health Care Using Factor Analysis in O. R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. World Journal of Public Health, 6(3), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11

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    ACS Style

    Nombulelo Chitha; Wezile Chita; John Sungwacha Nasila; Zukiswa Jafta; Buyiswa Swartbooi, et al. Understanding Component Structures to Support Quality Primary Health Care Using Factor Analysis in O. R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. World J. Public Health 2021, 6(3), 67-80. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11

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    AMA Style

    Nombulelo Chitha, Wezile Chita, John Sungwacha Nasila, Zukiswa Jafta, Buyiswa Swartbooi, et al. Understanding Component Structures to Support Quality Primary Health Care Using Factor Analysis in O. R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. World J Public Health. 2021;6(3):67-80. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11,
      author = {Nombulelo Chitha and Wezile Chita and John Sungwacha Nasila and Zukiswa Jafta and Buyiswa Swartbooi and Siyabonga Sibulawa and Onke Mnyaka and Natasha Williams and Benjamin Ben-I-Sasa Longo-Mbenza},
      title = {Understanding Component Structures to Support Quality Primary Health Care Using Factor Analysis in O. R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa},
      journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {67-80},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210603.11},
      abstract = {This publication intends to provide a step-by-step description of the application of factor analysis performed at the two levels and interpretation of the results based on information seeking behaviour of medical professionals of five selected hospitals in O. R. Tambo District municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data for analysis was collected on different variables using a closed-ended likert scale questionnaire. This study was a cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational survey conducted between January and April 2017, in the Mthatha Hospital Complex, O. R. Tambo District Municipality. The clustering of indicators for extraction of factors was well-defined owing to high loadings across all questions. The analysis was executed on a split data approach. The data were split by gender. The analysis was performed on the separate derived data sets. Descriptive analyses, correlations and component factor analyses were performed. The data consisted of 96.3% South African participants and 3.7% Non-South African. In addition, the sample was composed of 17.5% Males and 82.5% females; 13.8% medical doctors and 86.2% professional nurses. The percentage age distribution was: <=30.00 (21.9%), 31.00 - 37.00 (20.5%), 38.00 - 44.00 (18.5%), 45.00 - 54.00 (19.2%) and 55.00+ (19.9%). The percentage hospital participation distribution was: Holly Cross Hospital (13.9%), Dr Malizo Mpehle Hospital (28.5%), St Barnabas Hospital (21.8%), Zithulele Hospital (18.8%) and St Elizabeth Hospital (17.0%). Use of materials sources available within the hospital as sources of information; Improvement of patient care through collaborative consultations. Use of information acquired through workshops, seminars and journals to improve the participants’ knowledge; Use of internet and hospital facilities as sources of information; Use of reference materials and the medical need dictates the source of information required; Causes of limited availability sources of information; Use of printed material and colleagues to access information. Under the females’ data, the following factors were extracted: Using both external as well as internal sources to solicit information; Lack of: a physical library, limited online access, slow internet and poor online searching skills contribute to non-availability of important medical information; Lack of awareness of sources of information, time taken to access information, non-existent of sources of information; The factor analysis has shown that whereas there were more females than males according to the split data, more factors were established for males than were for females.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AU  - Nombulelo Chitha
    AU  - Wezile Chita
    AU  - John Sungwacha Nasila
    AU  - Zukiswa Jafta
    AU  - Buyiswa Swartbooi
    AU  - Siyabonga Sibulawa
    AU  - Onke Mnyaka
    AU  - Natasha Williams
    AU  - Benjamin Ben-I-Sasa Longo-Mbenza
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11
    T2  - World Journal of Public Health
    JF  - World Journal of Public Health
    JO  - World Journal of Public Health
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    EP  - 80
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-6059
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210603.11
    AB  - This publication intends to provide a step-by-step description of the application of factor analysis performed at the two levels and interpretation of the results based on information seeking behaviour of medical professionals of five selected hospitals in O. R. Tambo District municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data for analysis was collected on different variables using a closed-ended likert scale questionnaire. This study was a cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational survey conducted between January and April 2017, in the Mthatha Hospital Complex, O. R. Tambo District Municipality. The clustering of indicators for extraction of factors was well-defined owing to high loadings across all questions. The analysis was executed on a split data approach. The data were split by gender. The analysis was performed on the separate derived data sets. Descriptive analyses, correlations and component factor analyses were performed. The data consisted of 96.3% South African participants and 3.7% Non-South African. In addition, the sample was composed of 17.5% Males and 82.5% females; 13.8% medical doctors and 86.2% professional nurses. The percentage age distribution was: <=30.00 (21.9%), 31.00 - 37.00 (20.5%), 38.00 - 44.00 (18.5%), 45.00 - 54.00 (19.2%) and 55.00+ (19.9%). The percentage hospital participation distribution was: Holly Cross Hospital (13.9%), Dr Malizo Mpehle Hospital (28.5%), St Barnabas Hospital (21.8%), Zithulele Hospital (18.8%) and St Elizabeth Hospital (17.0%). Use of materials sources available within the hospital as sources of information; Improvement of patient care through collaborative consultations. Use of information acquired through workshops, seminars and journals to improve the participants’ knowledge; Use of internet and hospital facilities as sources of information; Use of reference materials and the medical need dictates the source of information required; Causes of limited availability sources of information; Use of printed material and colleagues to access information. Under the females’ data, the following factors were extracted: Using both external as well as internal sources to solicit information; Lack of: a physical library, limited online access, slow internet and poor online searching skills contribute to non-availability of important medical information; Lack of awareness of sources of information, time taken to access information, non-existent of sources of information; The factor analysis has shown that whereas there were more females than males according to the split data, more factors were established for males than were for females.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Health Systems Enablement & Innovation Unit, University of the Witwaterstand, Johannesburg, South of Africa

  • Departemnt of Mathematical Sciences & Computing, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South of Africa

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